What Canadians Should Know About Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Lithium-ion batteries power many of the devices we rely on every day – from cordless vacuums to e-bikes, even some toys. The benefit of this clean energy transition technology is it provides superior energy density and fast charging capabilities, ensuring consistent performance over time. However, one downside to be aware of: the potential for battery fires.

While lithium-ion batteries are efficient, they also carry specific risks if they’re damaged, improperly charged, or stored incorrectly. In rare cases, these devices can overheat and cause a fire in or around your home that are difficult to control.

This article will explain some important details you need to know about storing, maintaining, and caring for lithium-ion batteries, as well as what you should do in the event of a battery fire in your home.

What is a lithium-ion battery?

A lithium-ion battery, also called a Li-ion battery, is a lightweight, high-energy, rechargeable power source commonly used in electronics. It operates by moving lithium ions between a positive cathode and a negative anode through an electrolyte, creating an electrical current.

What devices use lithium-ion batteries?

Lithium-ion batteries power a great deal of your life. You’ll find them in:

• Common electronic devices: Wireless earbuds, digital cameras, gaming controllers, cell phones, laptops, tablets, and e-readers.

• Household tools: Baby monitors, cordless power tools, cordless vacuums, smart home devices (such as thermostats and doorbell cameras) and portable power banks.

• Personal items: Rechargeable shavers, rechargeable toothbrushes, vapes, and children’s toys.

• Recreation equipment: Drones, e-bikes, scooters, camping lanterns, and headlamps.

• Personal transportation: Electric vehicles (EVs) and many mobility aids.

Why are lithium-ion battery fires a concern?

Lithium-ion battery fires aren’t like ordinary fires. They’re caused by something called thermal runaway. This occurs when a damaged or overheated cell triggers a chain reaction that generates heat and oxygen. The result is a self-sustaining fire. As burn intensity increases, it releases toxic gases. The other concern with these fires is that they respond poorly to conventional fire extinguishers, and Canadian homeowners may not realize the level of risk.

Common causes of lithium-ion battery fires

Several factors contribute to lithium-ion battery fires. To protect your home and finances, you’ll want to be aware of the following:

• Manufacturing defects: When manufacturing processes are flawed, internal shorts can occur, leading to fires.

• Physical damage: Batteries that are dropped, crushed, punctured, or dented may suffer breaks in their internal separator, which, in turn, can cause a short circuit, leading to a fire.

• Heat exposure: When these items are in direct sunlight, hot cars, or soft surfaces that trap heat (like bedding or sofa cushions), they could overheat and fail.

• Water damage: Exposure to water can compromise the battery by causing corrosion.

• Improper charging: When devices are left to charge too long or are charged with generic chargers, they can overheat. This in turn could lead to a fire.

• Age: Older batteries degrade over time, and their components are susceptible to fire.

Safety tips for Canadian homeowners

Following recommended usage and storage protocols is an important first step in keeping your home safe. Consider embracing the following best practices:

Safe charging practices

• Only use manufacturer-approved chargers.

• Avoid charging devices overnight when possible.

• Charge your devices on non-flammable surfaces.

• Do not sure power tools and similar times in their charging ports.

Proper storage

• Lithium-ion batteries should be kept at room temperature. Ideally, they should be stored and used between 5°C and 20°C (41°F–68°F)

• Keep batteries away from heat sources and cold zones.

• Store batteries in a dry area, away from moisture and condensation.

Regular inspection

• Be aware of signs of damage, such as swelling, bulging, discoloration, or corrosion.

• Regular visual inspections will help you catch a problem which could cause costly home damage.

Comply with your insurance

If you’re a homeowner, you should know you’re obliged to tell your insurance company if you plan to install large battery systems (such as off-grid power packs or solar power backup battery banks) to ensure you have the right insurance coverage.

Your insurance advisor will likely advise you that such large battery systems must be properly installed. Homeowners need a system that suits your home’s needs, your climate zone, and local codes. These types of systems are complex and installing a power wall shouldn’t be a DIY job. In addition, professional installation is often required to qualify for clean energy rebates in many provinces, so it pays to comply with this requirement.

Safe disposal of old batteries

Never throw lithium-ion batteries out with your regular garbage. They pose risks to the environment and to sanitation workers. Safely dispose of them by:

• Taping the terminal ends with clear packing tape, electrical tape, or duct tape.

• Place each battery in a clear plastic bag or non-metal container. Keep it cool, dry, and away from flammable materials.

• Bringing them to a designated facility. Recycle Your Batteries, Canada! is a program that connects consumers with safe drop-off locations. Their partners include major hardware stores, pharmacies, and office supplies stores, as well as community centres.

• Many municipalities across Canada have curb-side collection of batteries scheduled throughout the year. Follow the instructions given on how to correctly dispose of any batteries when pick-up is scheduled.

What to do if a lithium-ion battery fire starts

Hopefully you never have to face a household emergency. If a lithium-ion battery fire starts in your home, this information may help you better understand common safety considerations and response options.

Immediately

In the event of an emergency, evacuate the area and call 911 or your local emergency services. With a lithium-ion battery fire, the flames can spread rapidly, and it will also produce toxic fumes. There is also a risk of a violent explosion. As you leave, close the room door behind you (if there is one) to minimize the fumes and fire spreading.

After the fire

If you have been exposed to fumes or chemicals from a lithium-battery fire, seek medical attention immediately. Next, contact your insurance provider for support. They can walk you through the steps to document your damage for an insurance claim. They may also help arrange for professional cleanup if necessary.

What not to do

Regular fire extinguishers are often ineffective against the kind of thermal runaway observed in lithium-ion battery fires. Only use ABC or CO2 extinguishers if you are trained to do so and it is safe to do so. Know that they may not fully stop the reaction. Unfortunately, regular fire blankets fail to contain the high temperatures and gases.

Even if the fire seems out, a battery may reignite. Keep it in a safe, outdoor location and contact your municipal emergency services for disposal advice, even if you think the fire is out. Never handle a burning battery.

How home insurance protects Canadian homeowners

Home insurance coverage provides essential protection and financial support in the event of disasters, such as household fires. Policies cover your dwelling, including costs to repair or rebuild the main structure; your personal property, and additional living expenses, including hotel and meal costs, if your home becomes uninhabitable.

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Some insurance companies may impose payout limits for damaged electronic items. Consult your insurance advisor regarding supplemental coverage for high-value electronics, and ensure you document your purchases by recording serial numbers and retaining receipts.

Protect your home from lithium-ion battery fires

While Canadians have seen an increase in lithium-ion battery fires, there are things homeowners can do to reduce the risk. Introduce safety best practices, like avoiding overcharging devices and careful disposal methods, and know what to do if a lithium-ion battery fire breaks out in your home. Careful maintenance and safe usage not only protect your property but can also prevent your claim from being denied due to avoidable damage. Your licensed insurance advisor is there to answer any questions you have about your home insurance policy and keeping your property secure.